Nɔmba fɔ kɔntrol

Nyumɛrik kɔntrol (Inglish: Numerical control, NC), ɔ in ful nem kɔmpyuta numɛrik kɔntrol (Inglish: Computer numerical control, CNC), na fɔ shep mashin tul dɛn (lɛk drɔl, drɔlin tul, lath) ɛn 3D printa bay we dɛn de kɔntrol ɔtomɛtik wan dɛn tru kɔmpyuta Na mashin we de wok pan di wok we dɛn fɔ gi. We dɛn fala di instrɔkshɔn dɛn we dɛn program wit kɔd, wan CNC mashin de prosɛs wan wokpies bays pan wan patikyula matirial (lɛk mɛtal, plastic, wud, sɛramik ɔ kɔmpɔzit) te i rich di shep we i want fɔ mit di spɛsifikɛshɔn dɛn, wit mɔ prɛsishɔn pas manual, we nɔ nid fɔ wan pɔsin we de wok wit in an.

CNC mashin na wan pletfɔm we gɛt bɔku bɔku motoka dɛn ɛn we pɔsin kin ebul fɔ muv di rayt we we kɔmpyuta kin kɔntrol akɔdin to di instrɔkshɔn dɛn we i dɔn program. Dɛn kin rayt ɛn sɛn instrɔkshɔn dɛn we dɛn dɔn program to wan CNC mashin insay di fɔm fɔ wan sikwinshal program we gɛt mashin kɔntrol kɔd dɛn, lɛk G-kɔd ɛn M-kɔd, ɛn afta dat dɛn kin bigin di prɔses. Na pɔsin kin rayt instrɔkshɔn dɛn ɔ bɔku tɛm i kin yuz kɔmpyuta-ɛd grafik-dizayn (CAD) softwe. Agen, insay di kes fɔ 3D printa dɛn we de yuz G-kɔd, di tin we dɛn fɔ print de "slays" bifo dɛn mek di instrɔkshɔn dɛn.

Di tru se dɛn de kɔntrol di CNC wit an (we dɛn de yuz divays dɛn lɛk hanwil ɔ lev) ɔ mashin bay we dɛn de yuz prɛfabrik patɛn gayd (kam) na big impɔtant tin pas ɔda mashin dɛn we nɔ gɛt kɔmpyuta. Insay di mɔdan CNC sistem dɛn, di dizayn ɛn prodakshɔn fɔ wan mɛkanikal tin na ɔtomɛtik wan. Di mɛkanikal dimɛnshɔn dɛn fɔ di ɔbjɛkt dɛn de difayn bay we dɛn de yuz CAD softwe ɛn afta dat dɛn translet am to manufakchurin dairektv wit kɔmpyuta-ɛd manufakchurin (CAM) [en] softwe. Di rizultin dairektv dεm de kכnvכlt (bay "postprocessor" softwεa) to di spεsifi k kכmand dεm we nid fכ wan patikyula mashin fכ prodyuz di kכmכpכnt εn afta dat dεn lod insay di CNC mashin. Bikɔs ɛni pat we dɛn gi kin nid fɔ yuz bɔku difrɛn tul dɛn—drɔl, saw, ɛn ɔda tin dɛn—bɔku tɛm, di mashin dɛn we dɛn de yuz tide kin jɔyn bɔku tul dɛn togɛda fɔ mek wan “sɛl.” Ɔda sɛtup dɛn de yuz bɔku difrɛn mashin dɛn wit ɛksternal kɔntrol, mɔtalman ɔ rɔbɔt ɔpreshɔn dɛn we de muv di kɔmpɔnɛnt frɔm mashin to mashin. Insay ɔl tu di kes dɛm, di sikwins ɔf stɛp dɛm we dɛn nid fɔ prodyuz ɛnitin we dɛn gi, na kɔmplit ɔtomatik ɛn i de prodyuz tin dɛn we klos klos to di ɔrijinal CAD.

Di bɛnifit dɛn we pɔsin kin gɛt

• Ajɔstmɛnt, mɛzhɔmɛnt, kɔntrol, manual muvmɛnt, ɛn ɔda tin dɛn. I kin rili kwik bikɔs nɔ ɔpreshɔn dɛn de we kin tek bɔku tɛm lɛk
• I de du prɛsis ɔpreshɔn dɛn.
• Dɛn nɔ nid pipul dɛn we kwalifay.
• Di wok tempo de ɔltɛm ay ɛn di sem.
• Ɔl kayn kɔnsɔmshɔn de ridyus to di minimum.
• Di pɔsin in yon mistek dɛn we di pɔsin we de du di ɔpreshɔn kin mek nɔ bɔku.

Di bad tin dɛn we kin apin

• I nid fɔ gɛt ditayli plan fɔ mek am.
• I nid fɔ put mɔni pan mɔni we dia.
• Di ɛnaji we dɛn de yuz fɔ wan awa, bɔku.
• I nid fɔ tek tɛm yuz am ɛn mentenɛns am.
• I nid fɔ yuz kwaliti kɔta dɛn we go ebul fɔ bia wit ay kɔt spid.
• Wan masta sabi bukman ɛn pɔsin we gɛt rayt fɔ du di mentenɛns ɔltɛm.

Trade

Di aidia fɔ di fɔs NC mashin dɛn bigin insay Wɔl Wɔ Tu. I bin kɔmɔt nia di ɛnd pan Wɔl Wɔ Tu, wit di rayt ɔda we di Amɛrika Gɔvmɛnt we bin de da tɛm de bin gi am, fɔ mek dɛn ebul fɔ mek pat dɛn kwik kwik wan fɔ di wɔ plen dɛn na di Amɛrika Ay Fos na di Pasifik Tiatar. Dɛn bin mek di fɔs NC mashin dɛn as a rizulta fɔ wan jɔyn R&D stɔdi we sayɛnsman ɛn injinia dɛn na Parsons Kɔpɔreshɔn ɛn Masachusɛt Instityut fɔ Tɛknɔlɔji, we di gɔvmɛnt bin pik, bin du. NC mashin dɛn, we dɛn nɔ bin nid igen afta di wɔ dɔn, dɛn bin de si am naw as op fɔ mek dɛn prodyuz bɔku bɔku wan, ɛn insay 1952, dɛn bin mek di fɔs NC mashin we dɛn yuz fɔ di faktri, we nem Sinsinɛti-Hydrotel, ɛn dɛn bin ebul fɔ du di fɔs wan sakses na in fild.

Parsons Kɔp. ɛn Sikorsky in wok dɛn

Bɔku tɛm, dɛn kin se na Jɔn T. Pasɔn ɛn Frank L. Stulen, we bin de wok na Pasɔns Kɔp na Travas Siti, Michigan, mek dɛn bɔn NC. Fɔ dɛn kɔntribyushɔn, dɛn gi di tu pipul dɛn di Nashɔnal Mɛdal fɔ Tɛknɔlɔji insay 1985 fɔ "Rɛvɔlɔshɔn Ɔtomobil ɛn Ayrakt Prodakshɔn wit Nyumɛrik Kɔntrol Mashin dɛn".

Insay 1942, Bil Stout, we bin de bifo pan kɔnstrɔkshɔn fɔ Fɔd Trimɔta ayrakt, bin tɛl Parsons se ɛlikopta go bi di "nɛks big tink" fɔ NC prodakshɔn. I kɔl Sikorsky Aircraft fɔ du risach bɔt di wok we pɔsin kin du ɛn i nɔ tu te, i gɛt kɔntrakt fɔ bil wud stringa fɔ rɔta bled. Da tɛm de, dɛn bin de mek rɔta bled (rotary wings) wit fiks bled, we gɛt wan lɔng stɛl tiub wit rib (ɔ mɔ kɔrɛkt wan, rib) dɔn dɛn kin put pan dɛn fɔ mek shɔ se di aerodynamic shep. Di stringers fɔ di rotors dɛn bin kɔnstrɔk frɔm wan dizayn we Sikorsky bin gi ɛn dɛn sɛn to Parsons as siriɔs 17 pɔynt dɛn we de difayn di autlayn dɛn. Dɔn Parsons bin gɛt fɔ ‘ful’ di pɔynt dɛn wit wan Frɛnch kɔv fɔ mek wan autlayn. Dɛn bin mek wan wud mashin fɔ mek di ɔda layn shep, ɛn dɛn bin de put di wud pat dɛn we de mek di bim insay di mashin bay we dɛn de put kɔrɛkt prɛshɔn fɔ kech di kɔv we fit. Dɔn dɛn bin put bɔku tin dɛn insay dis men layn fɔ mek dɛn gɛt pawa.

Afta we dɛn bigin fɔ tray NC prodakshɔn na wan fɔnicha faktri we dɛn nɔ de yuz igen ɛn ramp ɔp prodakshɔn, wan pan di bled dɛn nɔ wok, we sho se prɔblɛm de wit di stringer At least pat pan di prɔblɛm bin tan lɛk se na bay we dɛn spɔt wɛldin wan mɛtal kɔla pan di stringer to di mɛtal brakɛt. Dɛn bin de put di kɔlɔn insay di bim we dɛn de bil am, dɔn dɛn bin de slid am pan di post ɛn wɛl am na di rayt say. Parsons bin tɔk bɔt wan nyu we fɔ tay string dɛn dairekt to di spar bay we dɛn de yuz adeziv, we dɛn nɔ bin ɛva tray bifo pan dizayn fɔ plen.

Stɔdi dɛn we di Masachusɛt Instityut fɔ Tɛknɔlɔji bin du

Di sayɛnsman dɛn na MIT bin de tay gia dɛn to difrɛn hanwil input dɛn ɛn drayv dɛn wit rɔla chen dɛn we dɛn kɔnɛkt to motoka dɛn, wan fɔ ɛni wan pan di tri aks dɛn we di mashin gɛt (X, Y, ɛn Z). Di kɔntrol we gɛt fɔ du wit am bin gɛt fayv kabinɛt dɛn we gɛt sayz lɛk frij ɛn we dɛn ɔl togɛda bin big lɛk di mil we dɛn kɔnɛkt to. Tri pan di kabinɛt dɛn bin gɛt injin kɔntrol dɛn, wan kɔntrol fɔ ɛni injin, ɛn di ɔda tu bin gɛt di dijital ridaut sistem.

Nɔ lɛk di ɔrijinal panch kad dizayn we Parsons Kɔpɔreshɔn bin mek, MIT bin de yuz standad sɛvin-trak panch tep fɔ input. Dɛn bin yuz tri pan di via dɛn fɔ kɔntrol difrɛn aks dɛn na di mashin, ɛn di ɔda 4 dɛn bin de kɔd difrɛn kɔntrol infɔmeshɔn dɛn. Dɛn bin de rid di tep insay wan kabinɛt we bin gɛt siks rilay-based famwɔya bak, tu fɔ ɛni aks. Wit ɛni rid ɔpreshɔn, dɛn bin de kɔpi di say we dɛn bin dɔn rid bifo tɛm to di "start point" rɛjista ɛn di nyu rid pɔynt bin de kɔpi to di "ɛnd pɔynt" rɛjista. Dɛn bin de rid di tep kɔntinyu ɛn di nɔmba na di rɛkɛd dɛn bin de go ɔp wit ɛni ol we dɛn mit na di kɔntrol trak dɛn te dɛn mit di "stɔp" instrɔkshɔn afta dɛn dɔn drɔ 4 ol dɛn.

Ɛgzampul dɛn fɔ CNC mashin dɛn

CNC mashin we dɛn kin yuz	Fɔ ɛksplen
Freze	I de rɔn program dɛn we gɛt patikyula nɔmba ɛn lɛta dɛn fɔ muv di spindl to difrɛn say dɛn ɛn dip ples dɛn. Bɔku pan dɛn, dɛn rayt dɛn wit G kɔd. Di wok dɛn we dɛn kin du na: fɔ mil fes, fɔ mil wit sɔl, fɔ tap, fɔ drɔ, ɛn sɔm kin ivin du wok fɔ tɔn. Tide CNC mil dɛn kin gɛt 3 to 6 aks. Mɔs pan di CNC mil kɔta dɛn nid fɔ put di tul pan ɔ insay am ɛn i fɔ at ɔl lɛk di tin we dɛn fɔ shep, pan ɔl we dɛn dɔn mek nyu 3-aks mashin dɛn bak we smɔl pasmak.
Torna	Mashin we de pul chips pan di tin wit fiks kɔta we di tin we dɛn fɔ prosɛs de rɔta rawnd in aks. I kin kɔt fast ɛn prɛsis, bɔku tɛm i kin yuz tul dɛn ɛn drɔl dɛn we dɛn kin chenj. I kin wok fayn fɔ kɔmpleks program dɛn we dɛn mek fɔ mek pat dɛn we nɔ pɔsibul pan manual lathes. I inklud kɔntrol ficha dɛn we fiba CNC mil dɛn ɛn dɛn kin rayt am wit G-kɔd. I gɛt di minimum tu aks (X ɛn Z), bɔt nyu mɔdel dɛn gɛt mɔ aks ɛn alaw fɔ mashin wok dɛn we at fɔ shep.

Di bɛsis we fɔ yuz am

di sistεm kכnsis fכ wan minimכm tu aks (X εn Y) εn wan fiks כ muv spindl. Di pozishɔn fɔ di pletfɔm we de muv kin apin tru dairekt drayv stɛpa ɔ servo motoka ɔ wan siriɔs stɛp gia dɛn we dɛn kin yuz na ol dizayn fɔ gi muvmɛnt dɛn we rili prɛsis. Opin lɔp kɔntrol de wok as lɔng as dɛn kip di fɔs dɛn smɔl ɛn di spid nɔ tu big. Klos-lɔp kɔntrol na standad fɔ gi di akkuracy, spid ɛn ripitabiliti we dɛn de aks fɔ na kɔmɛshɔnal mɛtal wok mashin dɛn. Wan chenj we dɛn bin de mek bin gɛt fɔ du wit fɔ put di wan ol mɛkanism insay wan big bɔks (as fɔ mek dɛn nɔ gɛt prɔblɛm), wit ɔda sef lɔk dɛn we dɛn bin de put fɔ mek shɔ se di pɔsin we de wok de na say we sef fɔ wok ɛn we de fa frɔm di say we dɛn de wok. Bɔku pan di nyu CNC sistem dɛn we dɛn de mek tide na 100% ilɛktronik we dɛn de kɔntrol.

Pozishɔn kɔntrol sistem

Insay nyumɛrik kɔntrol sistɛm, di pozishɔn fɔ di tul de difayn bay wan sɛt ɔf instrɔkshɔn dɛn we dɛn kɔl ‘pat program’. Pozishɔn kɔntrol de akɔmplit tru wan opin lɔp ɔ wan klos lɔp sistɛm. Insay wan opin-lɔp sistɛm, kɔmyunikeshɔn kin apin na wan say nɔmɔ: frɔm di kɔntrol to di motoka. Insay klos-lɔp sistem, dɛn kin gi fidbak to di kɔntrol so dat i go ebul fɔ kɔrɛkt mistek dɛn na di pozishɔn, velositi, ɛn aksilarayshɔn we kin apin bikɔs ɔf chenj dɛn na di lod ɔ tɛmpracha. Open loop systems kin jεnarali cheap bכt dεn gεt lכw akkuracy. Yu kin yuz stɛpa motoka dɛn na ɔl tu di kayn sistɛm dɛn, we dɛn kin yuz sɛrvo motoka dɛn nɔmɔ na sistɛm dɛn we dɛn dɔn lɔk.

Kartesian kɔdinɛt dɛn

G & M-kɔd dɛn ɔl de bays pan wan tri-dimɛnshɔnal Kartesian kɔdinɛt sistɛm. Dis sistɛm na wan tipik plen we dɛn kin si bɔku tɛm we dɛn de drɔ grafik dɛn na matematiks; I nid fɔ plan di mashin tul path ɛn ɛni ɔda akshɔn we nid fɔ apin na wan patikyula kɔdinɛt. Absolut kɔdinɛt, na di ɔda say, dɛn kin jɔs yuz dɛn mɔ fɔ mashin dɛn ɛn dɛn de sho di pɔynt (0, 0, 0) na di plen. Dis pɔynt de sɛt pan di stok matirial fɔ wan statin pɔynt ɔ "ɔm pozishɔn" bifo aktual mashin bigin.

Kontrol Panɛl

Nyumɛrik kɔntrol na panɛl we dɛn kin kɔntrol mashin dɛn pan, we gɛt bɔku alifbɛt ɛn nɔmba ki dɛn ɛn wan skrin. Di simulshɔn fɔ di ɔpreshɔn kin wach pan in CRT skrin; Yu kin du manual muvmɛnt, tɔrɛt rɔteshɔn, aks chenj, spindl on/ɔf ɛn stat/stɔp, kul sistɛm on/ɔf, imejensi stɔp, spid inkris/dikris kin bi yuz di ki dɛn. Di kɔntrol panɛl sistem dɛn we dɛn kin yuz na di mashin industri na lɛk dɛn wan ya: Siemens, Fanuc, Heidenhain ɛn Mazatrol.